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As part of the research process for your Extended Essay you will be expected to read the work and
ideas of other people. You may want to refer to this in your essay, either to use their ideas to support your points or to
use as a counter argument to strengthen your case. Whichever reason it is you must acknowledge the fact that you are
using someone else's work, you must not try to pass off another person's work or theory as your own, doing this is known as
PLAGIARISM and the consequences are severe!
There are accepted and specific ways of setting out references and bibliography, this page will take
you through the way to do it for IB.
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FOOTNOTES
Footnotes are a way of allowing your reader to check your sources for themselves. They are the notes that appear
at the foot of the page (hence FOOTnotes!).
Footnotes should be used whenever you refer to the work of another person, be it a book you have read, an article
from a newspaper/magazine/journal, information from a website or something you heard on the tv or radio. EVERYTHING THAT IS
NOT YOUR OWN WORK OR IDEA MUST BE REFERENCED!
See the "Using Footnotes" link for more detailed information and tips on how to use footnotes |
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ENDNOTES
Endnotes have the same purpose as footnotes, they simply appear at the end of a document or at the end of a section
of a document, (hence ENDnotes, easy really!) |
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Both footnotes and endnotes can be used in one of two ways, either:
1. Parenthetical in text system - in other words putting your source in brackets within the text.
2. Number system - simply using the insert tool on Word to insert a number which refers the reader to your footnote
or endnote.
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BIBLIOGRAPY
The Bibliography is the list of all sources that you have used, referred to or consulted during the course of
compiling your Extended Essay.
IB say this in the Extended Essay Guide:
Each work consulted, regardless of whether or not it has already been cited as a reference must be listed in the
bibliography. The biblography should specify:
Author(s)
Title
Date and place of publication
Name of publisher.
For example:
Trudgon, R. A History of the International Baccalaureate at Kingshurst CTC. Birmingham, England:
Unlikely Books, 2003
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WEBSITES
When citing a website you must specify Site name, Homepage URL, date viewed - for example:
The BBC Website http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2935875.stm10th April 2003
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Links:
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Beginners Guide to using Footnotes and Endnotes in Word
A really straightforward site from The Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, which describes the process of
inserting footnotes and endnotes in a Word Document. |
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Footnotes and Endnotes
Very thorough site from the University of Swansea with advice and examples on how to use footnotes and endnotes. |
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Harvard System
A very thorough acrobat file from Bournemouth University on how to set out a bibliography and references using
the Harvard System. |
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